Skin care for everyone, not only can improve the level of appearance, but also reduce the occurrence of skin diseases. The skin is located on the surface of the body, and it will be exposed to ultraviolet rays for many years. When exposed, the skin will come into contact with external dust, bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances to stimulate the skin surface, coupled with the oil and sweat secreted by the skin itself, which may lead to skin problems and affect the normal function of the skin. In general, due to the different water content of the stratum corneum of each individual skin, the amount of sebum secretion and the skin's responsiveness to external stimuli, the skin can be divided into many types. In addition to the need to develop skin care products suitable for their own skin according to the type of skin, seasonal changes, including temperature, humidity, light, skin maintenance should also be different.

With the increase of age, the function of the sebaceous glands is reduced, the secretion of sebum is reduced, the skin is atrophic and dry, coupled with excessive hot water washing, easy to cause elderly skin diseases. Skin aging leads to dry skin and increased pH value, decline in barrier function, reduce the ability to protect the skin, skin is vulnerable to external stimulation, resulting in pruritus. And seasonal changes, especially in winter, can be induced by cold weather to aggravate itching symptoms. External environmental factors and changes in body functions, the skin will gradually age, in order to have perfect skin, and whether to pay attention to skin care is closely related. Therefore, skin care has become an essential part of daily life.  

1, spring skin characteristics and skin care skills

    Spring temperature is warm and humid, easy to breed bacteria, spring catkins, pollen may be allergens, resulting in human allergies. The main characteristics of spring skin are: ① the spring climate is hot and cold, the temperature difference is large, the sebaceous glands and sweat glands are difficult to self-regulate balance, and the skin is more sensitive at this time; ② The weather is warm, sebum secretion is excessive, coupled with bacterial growth, the skin is prone to folliculitis and acne at this time. Therefore, the choice of spring skin care products should pay attention to: ① should not frequently change skin care brands, so as not to cause skin allergies; ② Choose a gentle cleanser to clean the skin; ③ Choose toner or moisturizer with antibacterial, cleaning and soft skin effect or refreshing and moist; ④ When participating in outdoor activities, choose moderate intensity sunscreen skin care.

2, summer skin characteristics and skin care skills

    Summer is the hottest season of the year, with plenty of sunshine and strong ultraviolet rays. Summer skin characteristics are: accelerated metabolism, sebum, sweat more, bacteria easy to reproduce, acne and other inflammatory skin diseases continue to appear, but also easy to produce solar skin diseases. Therefore, the choice of summer skin care products should pay attention to: ① oily skin should pay more attention to the selection of clean skin oil control skin care products; ② Dry skin should choose refreshing moisturizing moisturizer; ③ Indoor and outdoor activities should pay attention to the use of sunscreen, outdoor activities choose high-intensity sunscreen; ④ Pay attention to repair the skin after sun exposure for a long time, and use lotion with soothing, whitening, moisturizing and antioxidant effects to strengthen the maintenance and repair of the skin at night.

3, autumn skin characteristics and skin care skills

    Autumn generally continues the high temperature of summer, but the temperature difference between morning and evening increases, the air becomes drier than summer, there are fewer clouds, and the ultraviolet radiation is still very strong. As the temperature gradually decreases, the air becomes drier and drier, the metabolism of the skin is also weakened, the secretion of sebum is reduced, the skin becomes more sensitive, and skin maintenance needs to be strengthened. Skin that suffers from summer burns and lacks care becomes drier, rougher, and prone to wrinkles and pigmentation in the fall. Therefore, in the choice of autumn skin care products, we should try to choose mild skin cleansers containing natural ingredients; At the same time, autumn is an important time for skin whitening. Cleansers should be used to exfoliate and nourish facial masks, moisturizing and whitening products to restore skin vitality.

4, winter skin characteristics and skin care skills

With the gradual decline of temperature in winter, the weather becomes cold, windy and dry, the metabolism of the skin is greatly weakened, the secretion of sebaceous glands and sweat glands is reduced, and the skin is easy to dry and chapped. Cold weather, pores shrink, easy to cause dirt blockage. Slow microcirculation, prone to frostbite. Therefore, the choice of winter skin care products should pay attention to: ① choose a milder cleanser to clean the skin, wash the water temperature should not be too high to prevent the loss of oil; ② It is appropriate to choose nutritional cream with higher oil and rich texture to strengthen the skin barrier; ③ Outdoor operators should also pay attention to sun protection on skin parts exposed to ultraviolet light for a long time. At the same time, use skin care products that promote microcirculation to avoid frostbite.

5, the influence of seasonal changes on the skin of the elderly

When the seasons change and the temperature changes, the skin barrier function of the elderly decreases, the skin is prone to dry, wrinkles increase, poor elasticity, rough surface, and thinner skin; When the season is changed, it is easy to peel and desquamation, especially in autumn and winter, the weather becomes dry, the skin lacks moisture, the physiological changes of the elderly skin aging are obvious, the skin self-repair ability is weakened, which can lead to uncomfortable symptoms such as skin itching. In spring and summer, intense ultraviolet light canDamage the barrier function of the skin, destroy the collagen structure of the skin, make the skin photoaging, and even lead to the possibility of skin cancer. "The four seasons may as well, the skin is difficult to resist", seasonal changes on the skin, especially the elderly, the impact is greater, can directly lead to the emergence of skin diseases. The elderly can choose appropriate skin care products according to the above different seasonal skin care techniques to slow down the aging of the skin. As long as the skin care is proper, the elderly can also have young skin.

Author:

Professor Yeung Sen  

Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University

(The views expressed are those of the author)